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Fengdu Ghost City () is a large complex of shrines, temples and monasteries dedicated to the afterlife located on the Ming mountain, in Fengdu County, Chongqing municipality, China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Fengdu Ghost City )〕 It is situated about downstream from Chongqing on the north bank of the Yangtze River. The city consists of buildings, structures, dioramas, and statues that are related to Diyu, the concept of the underworld and hell (or Naraka) in Chinese mythology and Buddhism. It is modeled to resemble Youdu, the capital of Diyu. After the building of the Three Gorges Dam and the rising of the water level of the river it became separated from the city of Fengdu, which was rebuilt higher up the mountainside on the south side of the river.〔National Geographic Magazine, September 1997, pages 16–17.〕 In recent years, Fengdu Ghost City has become a tourist attraction. Cruise boats carrying tourists up or down the river stop at the docks and tourists are taken in vehicles halfway up the mountain. From there there is an open-air escalator up to the complex or the visitor can climb up on foot. The site's history goes back nearly two thousand years, at least in legends.〔 It focuses on the afterlife and combines the beliefs of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. It is mentioned in several classic Chinese works of literature like ''Journey to the West'', ''Apotheosis of Heroes'', and ''Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio''.〔 According to legend, Fengdu got its name of Ghost city during the Eastern Han Dynasty when two imperial officials, Yin Changsheng and Wang Fangping, came to Ming mountain to practice Taoism and in the process became immortals.〔 The combination of their names, Yinwan, means "King of Hell" and that was the beginning of the site's focus on the underworld. Many of the temples and shrines show paintings and sculptures of people being tortured for their sins.〔 According to Chinese beliefs, the dead must pass three tests before passing to the next life.〔 First they must pass the 'Bridge of Helplessness'. This stone bridge was built during the Ming Dynasty and is a test for Good and Evil. It has three arches and only the middle one is used for testing people. There are different protocols for crossing the bridge depending on sex, age, marital status. At the bridge demons allow or forbid passage. The good are allowed to pass while the evil will be pushed to the water below.〔 This is now done as a tourist attraction and performers characterised as demons momentarily stop tourists on the bridge but finally allow them across. Then the dead must proceed to Ghost-Torturing Pass where they present themselves for judgment before Yama, King of Hell. This is the second test. In this area there are large sculptures of demons.〔 The third test is done at the entrance to Tianzi Palace where the dead must stand on a certain stone on one foot for three minutes. According to legend a virtuous person will be able to do it while an evil person will fail and be condemned to hell.〔 Tianzi Palace is the largest and oldest building and it is three hundred years old.〔 A more recent addition is the Last Glance to Home Tower (also called Home Viewing Pavilion) which was built in 1985 and is placed where according to legend the dead could have one last look towards their home and families.〔 ==Gallery== File:奈何桥.JPG|The Bridge of Helplessness (奈何桥), which every soul has to cross before entering the underworld. File:欲色鬼.JPG|Statue of a lustful ghost (欲色鬼). File:酒鬼.JPG|Statue of a drunkard ghost (酒鬼). File:夜叉鬼.JPG|Statue of a Yaksha (夜叉鬼). File:中国神曲之乡.JPG|A sign that bears a name (神曲 Shenqu) for Fengdu used in ancient times. from right to left: "中國神曲之鄉" File:天子殿.JPG|Hall of the Son of Heaven (天子). File:药王殿.JPG|Hall of Sun Simiao, the "King of Medicine" (药王). File:判官.JPG|Statue of a judge of hell (判官). File:望乡台.JPG|The Home Viewing Pavilion (望乡台), a pavilion that every soul passes by on the journey to the underworld. From the pavilion, they can see their families and loved ones in the world of the living. File:Fengdu Ghost City Stone Test-01.JPG| A woman stands on the testing stone at the entrance to Tianzi Palace. File:Fengdu Ghost City-Souls Being Tortured-01.jpg|Figures representing different ways the evil will be tortured in the afterlife. File:Fengdu Ghost City - Man being sawed in half -01.jpg|Figures representing how bad people will be punished in the afterlife. One man is being sawed in half while in the foreground another one is being pummeled. File:Fengdu Ghost City - Woman thrown in boiling cauldron -01.jpg|Figures depicting several ways bad people will be tortured in the afterlife. Here a woman is thrown into a boiling cauldron. File:Fengdu Ghost City - People Being Tortured -01.jpg|Figures showing different ways bad people will be tortured in the afterlife. A man is being disembowelled while a woman is having her teeth pulled out. File:Fengdu Ghost City - Torture Mural -01.jpg|Mural shows people who were evil in this world falling to the underworld and being eaten by monsters. File:Yangtze River from Fengdu Ghost City.jpg|Yangtze River from Fengdu Ghost City. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fengdu Ghost City」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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